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                   Cramer Intel 8080A Microcomputer | 
              by Bill Degnan - 11/12/2023 13:46 | 
 
                
                 
                
                 
                
                 
                 
                
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                 
                
                 
                  ![]() I managed to find a partial view of the product advertising, from Electronics magazine April 1976. According to the advertisement, the assembly of the kit takes minutes, meaning the wirewrapping and sockets are done at the factory. Download The owner of this "cramerkit" made his from the plans and did not actually purchase all of the components from Cramer Electronics. So, this may not look exactly like the factory-assembled version. ![]() The kit was assembled on a single wire-wrap motherboard with four ribbon cables connecting to a wire-wrapped front panel. As you can see there was plenty of room for expansion on the mainboard, but no slots were included for expansion boards. Click image for larger view. 
![]() Closeup of the Cramerkit motherboard section containing the 8080A microprocessor, ROM ePROM and additional logic. Click image for larger view. 
![]() Sitting on the top of the main powersupply, the electronics pictured above is of the ePROM control, with OFF/ON switch for when the ePROM should be written. You can't quite see the switch in this photo. Click image to see the entire ePROM control assembly. 
![]() Pictured here to the right of the CPU is the circuitry for the cassette storage, the only I/O installed. If I was to add a Teletype or display this is where it would go. Note at the top of the photo is the connector for the cable that ends in two RCA jacks for the cassette. Click image for larger view. 
More photos NEXT? Learn how to operate the front panel, learn how to use the cassette interface, see if I can find any cassette programs that might be available, and maybe even add a display terminal. The ROM monitor has the capacity for a terminal. Reply  | 
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                   Additional Details 8080 CramerKit | 
              by Bill Degnan - 04/17/2025 10:00 | 
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                  Larry Yaeger added some additional details
 "...Keep in mind I built mine from scrounged parts. The wire panel was from my days at AEL in Colmar, PA. In 1976 I changed employers and went to Medcraft, Inc. in Skippack, PA. I used a scrapped base plate from one of their products. The front and rear panels were made in their machine shop. Medcraft paid for the Intel parts. The OEM linear supply was excess equipment, while the +/-12VDC supply was from a scrapped Medcraft product. The other parts were scrounged or I purchased. I spray painted the case in my apartment; not the best place to do it. The Kit, as I recall did not come with any cassettes; only the EPROM which I duplicated. I don't have any cassettes which I used. ..." IEEE Explorer writeup scans Reply  | 
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Cramer Electronics Incorporated started advertising this 8080 kit microcomputer, the "Cramerkit", in late 1975 for $495 (or was it $1495?) but none were delivered until the spring of 1976. The Cramerkit was a designed by Microcomputer Technique Inc. and was shipped partially assembled. Click image for larger view.